Distributed Temperature Sensing has drawn high attention at the Jicable 2011 Conference in Versailles, France

Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Systems for high voltage cable systems were frequently discussed in course of the recent Jicable conference, the 8^th International Conference on Power Insulated Cables.

Several papers on online condition monitoring based on fibre optic temperature sensing were presented. In more papers DTS was mentioned as being part of the high voltage cable project discussed.

 

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The necessity analysis of distributed fiber-optic temperature monitoring by Xiamen power cable alarm case study YAN Youxiang, SU Xueyuan – Xiamen power Ultility, Xiamen, Fujian; China XIAO Chuanqiang – SINDIA, Beijing; China

Dynamic rating of transmission cables
Erik JACOBSEN, Jonas Fabricius NIELSEN, Steen Beck NIELSEN – SEAS-NVE Holding, Haslev; Denmark Sven SALWIN – nkt cables A/S, Copenhagen; Denmark Karl-Heinz COHNEN, Andreas MOHRS – nkt cables GmbH, Köln; Germany

Real time load optimisation of cable based transmission grids Rasmus Schmidt OLSEN, Unnur Stella GUDMUNDSDÓTTIR – Energinet.dk, Fredericia; Denmark Joachim HOLBOELL – Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby; Denmark

Read more about Jicable in general:

June 2011 Versailles Congress Centre – Jicable’11 – 8^th International Conference on Power Insulated Cables

What is Jicable’11?
Jicable ’11 is an international forum for the exchange of information in the fields of research, industrial development, installation, operation and diagnoses relating to insulated power cables and their accessories from low voltage and special cables up to ultra high voltage cables and cables of new technologies.

Why is Jicable’11 important?

Insulated power cables are increasingly used in electrical power transmission and distribution networks. This is due to the significant progress achieved in the development of new technologies with higher performances, and supported by increasing environmental pressure. Cables are recognised as a reliable means for the transportation and distribution of electrical energy. Jicable’11 will allow in-depth analysis of the State-of-the-Art and future perspectives : new materials, evolution in technologies, improvements in fabrication process, improvement of maintenance policies and remaining life estimation, lessons learned from service experience, dielectric phenomena, thermal and thermo-mechanical behaviour, new innovative technical solutions for high power transmission : new superconductive materials as well as a closer look at major submarine cable projects connecting High Voltage networks in many countries.

Who will be taking part in Jicable’11?

As in past Jicable conferences held in 1984, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2007 (581 delegates from 48 countries), Jicable’11 will prove very useful to the following segments of the cable industry : researchers, engineers, decision-makers, raw materials suppliers, manufacturers, consultants, installers and users.

The following topics will be discussed:

• LV and MV Cables Systems
• HV and EHV Cables Systems
• Submarine Cables
• Economy and costs of Cable Systems
• Ageing, Diagnosis, Maintenance, Remaining Life Estimation and Management
• Cables for the Future
• Technical challenges encountered with cable systems
• Industrial and Special Cables
• Cables, environment and sustainable development
• Design
• Testing Methods

Jicable 2011 was organized with the support of:

• S.E.E. – Société de l’Électricité, de l’Électronique et des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication
• CIGRÉ - International Council on Large Electric Systems
• ERDF – Électricité Réseau Distribution France
• RTE – Réseau de Transport d’Électricité
• SYCABEL – Syndicat Professionnel des Fabricants de Fils et Câbles Électriques
• SERCE – Syndicat des Entreprises de Génie Électrique et Climatique

The Jicable’s Booklet

Discover the Jicable’s Booklet which contains all practical information about Jicable including registration procedures and technical programme

Download the Jicable’s Booklet

Middle East Electricity 2011 is Open – The Power Behind The Middle East Energy Industry

HH Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, President, Dubai Civil Aviation Authority, accompanied by HE Saeed Mohammad Al Tayer, Managing Director and CEO, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority, today opened Middle East Electricity 2011. The show, which is the region’s largest trade show for the power and energy sector, hosted the global launch of an important new integrated water extraction and distribution solution from British firm Lister Petter. Middle East Electricity 2011 is expecting a trade visitor attendance of over 50,000 and has confirmed that all available exhibition space has been sold. In total, over 1,000 exhibitors from 58 countries covering 45,000 square metres of exhibition space are participating this year.

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삼성 모바일 디스플레이의 새로운 생산라인에 설치된 실시간 온도 감시시스템

삼성 모바일 디스플레이㈜는 삼성전자와 계열회사인 삼성 에스디아이㈜의 합작회사이며 핸드폰과 소형텔레비전에 사용되는 표시판을 생산하기 위하여 새 공장을 건설 중에 있습니다.

아산시에 위치한 본 공장을 대한민국의 수도 서울로부터 약42km 서남쪽에 있으며 내년 7월에 완공예정입니다.

삼성 모바일 디스플레이㈜는 공장건설에 2조5천억원(미화21억1천만불)을 투자할 계획입니다.

상기 합작회사는 AM OLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode)표시판을 생산할 예정이며 이 제품은 모바일폰이나 소형 텔레비전과 같은 휴대용 기기에 사용될 예정입니다.

리오스 테크놀로지는 현장에 있는 15㎸ 3개의 고압케이블의 실시간 온도 감시시스템을 설치 완료 하였습니다.

온도 감시시스템은 당사의 분포온도감시(DTS)시스템으로써 16채널 광스위치를 내장한 OTS20P 컨트롤러로 구성되었습니다.

전력송신시스템의 분포온도의 내역은 프리스미안 전선㈜에서 공급되었으며 실시간 온도는 FIMT방법 즉 금속튜브 안에 광케이블을 집어넣는 방식으로 전선 안에 매립시켜 측정합니다.

분포온도(DTS) 수치는 중앙통제실에서 볼 수 있으며, 안전한 작동을 확인시켜줄 뿐 아니라 고압케이블 선로가 충분한 용량으로 공급될 수 있도록 허용시켜 줍니다.

추가 정보:

• 스마트 그리드:  전원 케이블과 가공선로 설치에 관한 실시간 전류용량 예측
• 전원 케이블에 대한 분산 온도 모니터링
• DTS 광섬유 시스템을 이용한 온도 및 위치 측정

Real Time Condition Monitoring for Samsung Mobile Display’s New Production Line

Samsung Mobile Display Co., a venture between Samsung Electronics Co. and its sister unit Samsung SDI Co., are building a new plant that produces displays used in phone handsets and small televisions.
The plant in Asan city, 42 kilometres southwest of Seoul, South Korea, will be completed by July next year. Samsung Mobile Display plans to spend 2.5 trillion won (US$2.11 billion) on the plant.
The joint venture will produce active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM OLED) displays, which are used in portable devices such as mobile phones and small TVs.
LIOS Technology recently completed the installation of its real time condition monitoring system supervising three 154kV high voltage cable systems on site. Condition monitoring is based on LIOS’  Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) System OTS20P with a 16 channel fibre switch.
The distributed temperature profiles of the energy transmission systems made by Prysmian Cables & Systems are measured in real time by embedded fibre optics using  FIMT . The DTS readings are visualised at the central control and dispatch centre ensuring save operation and allowing exploitation of the high voltage cable routes at full capacity potential.
(with material of Yonhap )

Highest DTS Installation Completed in Chile

LIOS Technology has completed a power cable monitoring project at a South American mining facility of Codelco in Chile. The Korean made 220 kV, 630 mm ² XLPE high voltage cable system includes  fibre optics in metal tube (FIMT) and supplies pumps, SAG mills (Semi-Autogenous Grinding) and other grinding equipment.

The Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) condition monitoring system is installed at the control room at 3500 m above sea level providing continuous thermal assessment of the highly loaded power circuit. Among LIOS Technology’s more than 2000 permanent DTS installations this is certainly the one at highest altitude.

Read more:

	Impressive track record of more than 2000 installations in permanent operation
	Smart Grid: Real time ampacity predictions of power cable and aerial line installations
	Distributed temperature monitoring of power cables

KEPCO 345kV 변전소에 설치한 실시간 상태 모니터링

대한민국에서 가장 눈부신 성장을 거듭하고 있는 도시들 중 한 곳에서 전기 에너지 수요가 급증함에 따라 2010년 5월 말 아산시에서는 신규 345kV KEPCO 변전소 준공식을 거행했습니다. 지방자치 단체와 거주 법인에서 각계 대표자들이 삼성에서 확장해 가는 LCD 제조 설비의 본거지, 탕정 크리스탈밸리를 위한 변전소 개통식에 참석해 주셨습니다.

LIOS Technology의 분산 온도 감지 시스템은 TFT LCD 패널 생산에 사용되는 산업용 유리 기판 생산설비에 전압을 공급하는 두 개의 154kV 고압 케이블 회로를 감시합니다.

Prysmian Cables & Systems에서 제작한 154kV 고압 케이블은 분산 온도 프로파일을 측정하기 위해 FIMT(금속 튜브내 섬유)를 사용하는  섬유 광학 기술을 내장하고 있습니다.  중앙 제어 및 급전 센터에서는 DTS 측정값을 시각화함으로써 절전 운행을 보장하고 고압 케이블을 이용하여 전체 용량 전위에서 배선할 수 있습니다.

추가 정보:

• 스마트 그리드:  전원 케이블과 가공선로 설치에 관한 실시간 전류용량 예측
• 전원 케이블에 대한 분산 온도 모니터링
• DTS 광섬유 시스템을 이용한 온도 및 위치 측정

10 Tips for Electric Utilities to Implement Condition Monitoring Successfully

Real time condition monitoring has become a well accepted tool for thermal assessment and accurate rating of transmission and distribution assets. However, the use of fibre optics as sensors for distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is a rather complex technology with many parameters to consider.

1. Selecting the Right Fibre
   For measurement ranges of up to some 18 km the GI 50/125 multimode fibre typically provides the best distributed temperature measurement performance and allows deployments of less expensive multimode DTS systems. For longer ranges of more than 20 km singlemode fibres compliant to ITU-T G.652.C or D enable distributed temperature sensing even for applications like subsea cables.
2. Long Term Performing Fibre
   Especially multimode fibres are available in different qualities. Besides attenuation limits the bandwidth has to be specified to > 500 or even >1000 MHz*km @ 1300 nm as it is important to achieve measurements with good spatial resolution also from remote distances. In order to ensure long term service life of the fibre it is recommended to select phosphorous free qualities only. A securely embedded fibre within the high voltage power cable in form a FIMT – fibre in metal tube – prevents damages in course of cable laying and delivers superior temperature information due to its proximity to the conductor.
3. Spatial Resolution at Most Remote Distances
   The spatial resolution along the entire fibre length shall be 1.5 m or better. As the spatial resolution degrades with a function of distance with some DTS technologies the actual spatial resolution at the most remote distance shall be indicated.
4. 24/7 Operation
   DTS equipment shall be powered directly by secure substation DC supply, so even critical moments during mains outages are covered by condition monitoring. The DTS system shall operate independently from any kind of PC based system; Windows operating systems shall be solely used for data visualisation purposes. Equipment based on Windows operating systems drop statistically to MTBF ratings below 12 months.
5. Direct Link to SCADA
   Condition monitoring data shall be available at real time, so the DTS shall be capable to send its measurements and derived events directly to the operator’s SCADA or overall management system using protocols meeting substation standards based on IEC or DNP.
6. Reliable DTS Equipment with Proven Track Record
   Reliability and long lifetime are essential for investment goods like condition monitoring systems. The DTS laser diode and other key components shall be tested according to the Telecordia standard GR-468 or similar with medium lifetimes >25 years. The mean-time-between-failures (MTBF) rating of the DTS shall be higher than 25 years and based on a proven track record. Manufactures with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certification are recommended.
7. Preference for Single End
   Known from the early days of DTS systems the double ended or loop fibre set up is still sometimes requested today. However, latest DTS systems achieve measurements with sufficient temperature and spatial resolution at fast cycle times even at single ended fibres. The single ended measurement makes a more economic use of the DTS (longer range coverage, less channels occupied) and is the recommended operation mode for typical power cable monitoring installations.
8. Ampacity Predictions by RTTR
   Real Time Thermal Rating (RTTR) removes all uncertainty left by the DTS measurement. The power cable’s sheath temperature measured by the DTS gives a good idea of the temperature of conductor, but unless an accurate model for the conductor is provided there will be some uncertainty left. Sophisticated RTTR systems cover apart from steady state also the more critical transient operations based on IEC 60853 for this calculation and provide trustable ampacity predictions.
9. The Software Speaks Your Mother Tongue
   The DTS operation software shall be user friendly and available in the native language of the operator. This helps to prevent misunderstandings and encourages staff to use the system with pleasure.
10. More than Temperature
    Real time thermal assessment of the T & D grid is a powerful tool that allows accurate rating and ensures save and stable grid operation. By adding other real time diagnostics (i.e. partial discharge), failure uncertainty is reduced and maintenance procedures can be optimized. Aim for an integrated Global Condition Monitoring solution.

Condition Monitoring of high voltage cables: Turning information into extra capacity

Continuous and cost-effective monitoring of the electric transmission and distribution grid is the essential success factor of Smart Grid implementations. Increasing demand for power is forcing power utilities to load power cables to their physical limit, and safety and efficiency concerns are making it more and more critical for operators to understand what is happening thermally both inside the cables themselves, and along the cable route. During high-load conditions and under emergency circumstances (such as when a failure occurs in a segment of the grid and power must be shifted to other sections to compensate) it often becomes necessary to load cables right up to the limits permitted by the relevant regulations.

High voltage cable installation with attached fibre optic sensor cable in Moscow. Continuous and cost-effective monitoring of the electric transmission and distribution grid is the essential success factor of Smart Grid implementations.

In these operational situations, it must be ensured that maximum temperature limits are not exceeded.

LIOS Technology GmbH (www.lios-tech.com) is the global leader in the development and supply of state of the art frequency domain based Distributed Temperature Sensing systems. The LIOS DTS product line comprises a range of real-time fibre optic based linear temperature measuring devices. LIOS offers Real Time Thermal Rating/ Dynamic Cable Rating (RTTR) solutions for ampacity predictions of the power cable and overhead transmission line installation transparently integrated with its field proven DTS systems.

DTS 광섬유 시스템을 이용한 온도 및 위치 측정

라만 스캐터링

온도나 압력, 장력 등과 같은 물리적 특성은 유리 섬유에 영향을 줄 수 있고 부분적으로 그 섬유 상 빛의 전달 특성을 변화시킬 수 있다. 유리 섬유에 빛을 산란시킴으로써 광섬유를 선형적인 센서처럼 작동하게 하여 외부의 물리적 영향이 들어오는 위치를 파악할 수 있다.
광섬유는 액체상태의 유리로 만들어진다. 유리는 비결정형 고체 구조인 산화규소()의 한 형태이다. 열에 의한 영향은 고체 결정구조에 진동을 일으킬 수 있다. 빛이 이러한 분자 진동을 일으켰을 때 광자(Proton)라는 빛의 입자와 분자의 전자 사이에 상호작용이 일어난다. 라만 스캐터링 (Raman Scattering)이라고도 알려진 빛의 산란은 광섬유 내에서 일어난다. 일반적인 빛과 달리 이렇게 산란된 빛은 격자 진동의 공진주파수 (Resonance Frequency) 크기에 비례하는 만큼의 스펙트럼 변동이 생긴다. 광섬유로부터 산란되어 나온 빛은 다음과 같은 3가지 부분으로 구성된다:

• 사용된 레이저 광원과 동일한 파장의 레일리 스캐터링,
• 광자가 만들어지는 고주파의 스토크스 성분,
• 광자가 파괴되는 레일리 스캐터링보다 더 낮은 주파수의 안티-스토크스 성분

그림 1-1은 라만 대역에 의해 새로 만들어진 빛의 분포를 보여준다. 안티-스토크스 대역의 빛의 세기는 온도에 따라 달라지는 반면, 스토크스 대역은 온도와 무관한 특성을 보인다. 광섬유 각 부분의 온도는 이 두가지 대역의 빛의 세기의 비율을 통해 알아낼 수 있다.

그림 1-1 - 라만 스캐터링

측정과 계산 방법
DTS에서는 OFDR (Optical Frequency Domain Reflection)이라는 방법을 사용한다. 이 시스템은 역산란 신호가 감지되었을 때만 부분적 특성에 대한 정보를 제공하는데, 그 동안 전체 측정 시간은 주파수에 대한 복소함수로 측정되고, 이는 퓨리에 변환을 필요로 한다. OFDR 기술의 가장 큰 이점은 레이저에 의해 겉 보기에 계속되는 것처럼 보이는 파형과 역산란 신호의 정밀한 감지, 그로 인해 얻게되는 아주 높은 SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio)이다. 이러한 이점은 저렴한 레이저 다이오드와 신호 평균화를 위한 전자 부속품을 이용할 수 있게 해 준다. 이를 위해서는 라만 스캐터링된 빛을 감지하는 고난도 기술과 고도의 선형성을 요구하는 전자 부품에 필요한 빠른 퓨리에 변환 (FFT: Fast Fourier Transformation)을 위한 값비싼 신호처리 기술이 요구된다.
반사광의 주파수 대역 측정은 고해상도 측정으로도 고작 밀리미터 단위의 파장 측정이 가능했을 뿐이다. 그에 비해 라만 역산란 측정 기술의 응용은 새로운 것이다.
다음 그림은 OFDR 라만 온도 측정 시스템의 설계도이다.

그림 1-2 OFDR 라만 온도 측정 시스템

온도 측정 시스템은 진동 생성기, 레이저 소스, 광학 모듈, HF 믹서, 리시버, 마이크로프로세서 유닛으로 구성된 컨트롤러와 선형 온도 센서 역할을 하는 광섬유로 구성되어 있다.
설계는 2개의 측정 채널 (스토크스와 안티-스토크스) 외에도 추가적인 참조 채널이 필요하기 때문에 3개의 채널로 되어있다. OFDR 시스템을 살펴보면, 레이저의 파워 출력은 움푹 파인 모양의 kHz 단위 주파수로 시작해 측정하는 시간동안 HF 모듈의 도움을 받아 수 MHz 단위의 높은 주파수 대역으로 끝맺는다. 결과로 나타나는 주파수 전이는 측정된 광도를 분석한 데이터이다. 만들어진 레이저광은 광학 모듈을 통해 광섬유로 연결된다.
계속해서 역산란되는 라만광은 광학 모듈에서 광학적으로 걸러지고 전기적인 신호로 변환된다. 그리고나서 이 신호는 증폭되고 저주파 대역의 신호와 혼합된다. 평균화된 저주파 신호를 퓨리에 변환하면 두 개의 라만 역산란 곡선이 얻어진다. 이 곡선의 진폭은 라만 스캐터링의 세기와 비례한다. 광섬유의 온도는 두 개의 채널의 진폭의 비로 얻어진다.

Read more:

• 도체온도 추정시스템 (CTM) – 동적 허용전류 산정 시스템 (DRS) – Power Cable Monitoring in Korea

• 독일 쾰른에 위치한 LIOS Technology GmbH는 국제적인 안목을 지닌 역동적인 회사이며 전세계에 사업을 전개하고 있는 덴마크 NKT 그룹의 계열사입니다 | 한국어

De facto standard for seamless DTS integration: Direct link to SCADA

The intrinsic temperature measuring system DTS based on LIOS Technology’s design, with fibre optic sensors either installed within the power cable’s cross section (FIMT – Fibre in metal tube ) or attached to the exterior of the cable, makes it possible to record the temperature profile along an entire cable route continuously, and to pinpoint the exact location of hot spots within a metre.

Most commonly the measured temperature profile data is transmitted via standard interfaces from systems of the DTS as required, and be either displayed or further processed by PC, PLC or SCADA systems. As a result of the increasing demands placed on the ability to network and integrate measuring systems into management systems, LIOS offers network components that summarise DTS data from several DTS units and transport or convert it to the required network standards and protocols like Modbus, DNP3, IEC60870-5 or XML based data interfaces (e.g. POSC).

Equipped with the Embedded Communication Module (ECM) the Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) evaluation unit is accessible by Ethernet/ LAN, holds its own IP address and is compatible with DHCP.
The on-board storage facility of measurement data provides automatic buffering of network break downs. It can handle multiple protocols, so the DTS can be directly linked to PLC or SCADA systems and communicates in various industrial protocol standards providing measured data and customised alarm information.
Hereby, the evaluation unit communicates as a TCP /IP server with several clients.

Features of the embedded communication module of the LIOS DTS controller:

• Configuration and operation of the DTS via two independent channels:
  • RS232
  • Ethernet TCP/IP
• Onboard storage of measurement data
  • Buffers up to 72 hours of measurement data and initiates data transfer automatically after communication link was re-established
  • Individual file access to measurement data through CHARON_02 (onboard data storage 1 GB)
• Allows to operate individual Plug-In-Interfaces for customer specific protocol solutions
  • The DTS can communicate in parallel with its proprietary protocol and one or more customer specific protocols like DNP3, IEC60870-5-104, IEC61850, POSC WITSML, Modbus (Master/Slave) etc.
  • Individual assignments for protocols and client addresses (IP) possible
• Ethernet communication to and from clients with high bandwidth
• Module comes with built-in user configurable Firewall and enables reliable operation even in WAN’s
• Secure data transmission and individual authorisation according TLS- Standard (RFC 2246)

The most common industrial protocols used in electrical systems worldwide are introduced in the following section. However, also other protocol standards are available or can be implemented for the ECM. Please contact us in case of questions.

MODBUS
The MODBUS protocol was published by Modicon in 1979. It is a quite simple single master – multiple slave protocol widely used in general purpose SCADA applications. It provides binary (bit) and 16-bit integer data, but no floating point values, polled by the master, i.e. the slave cannot send data spontaneously. The protocol specification is openly published and royalty-free. In the DTS ECM, TCP/IP is used as transport layer.

IEC 60870-5
IEC 60870-5 provides a communication profile for sending basic Telecontrol messages between systems. It was developed by the IEC Technical Committee 57 (Working Group 03) as a protocol standard for Telecontrol, Teleprotection, and associated telecommunications for electric power systems. The result of this work is IEC 60870-5. The protocol provides inter alia bit, integer and floating point data with or without time stamps. Data is transmitted from controlled stations (slaves) either by polling or spontaneously. In the ECM the IEC 60870-5-104 companion standard, defining standard TCP/IP connections as transport layer, is used.

DNP3
DNP3 (Distributed Networking Protocol) is an open standard managed by the DNP User Group. Initially; the DNP3 protocol was developed by Westronic (now GE-Harris) in 1993. It is widely used in electrical systems worldwide, including North and South America, the UK, Southeast Asia, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. It has gained wider use beyond electrical utilities, e.g. for water supply as well. The DNP3 protocol is also referenced in IEEE Std. 1379-2000, which recommends a set of best practices for implementing modern SCADA Master-RTU/IED communication links.
The protocol provides bit, integer and floating point data and time stamps. Data is transmitted from the outstation (slave) either by polling or spontaneously. The ECM uses TCP/IP as transport layer, but even in this mode the DNP3 protocol additionally uses its own protocol stack for synchronisation and error checking. This provides extra security.

IEEE Lays Groundwork for Adoption of DNP3 Protocol as New IEEE Standard
IEEE, the world’s leading professional association for the advancement of technology announced that work is underway for the formal recognition of Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3) as an IEEE standard. Designated as IEEE P1815, the standard will promote interoperability across hundreds of operational systems with thousands of installed devices, as well as strengthening security protocols while maintaining compatibility with existing object models.

Seen at EnergyCentral’ T&D News 19 January 2010